The following table contains household waste data derived from WasteDataFlow and Defra’s statistical department for the period covering the financial year 2018/19. The data shows the total household waste recycling, composting and reuse rate for English local authorities from April 2018 to March 2019. Local authorities are listed in overall performance order. Local authority types: U=Unitary, C=Collection authority, D=Disposal authority. Data is sourced from Defra data. Published December 2019.
Notes from Defra: From 2011-12 onwards, 7 local authorities started reporting as Dorset Waste Partnership. These are Weymouth and Portland Borough Council, West Dorset, Purbeck, North Dorset and East Dorset District Councils, Christchurch Borough Council, and Dorset County Council.
From 2015/16 onwards Chiltern District Council jointly reports their waste data with Wycombe District Council.
From 2016/17 onwards, Cambridge City and South Cambridgeshire Councils jointly report their waste.
From 2017/18 6 local authorities started reporting as Somerset Waste Partnership. These are Somerset County Council, Mendip, Sedgemoor, South Somerset, Taunton Deane and West Somerset.
For 2018/19 Defra stated that Household recycling contains material sent for recycling, composting or reuse by local authorities as well as those collected from household sources by ‘private-voluntary’ organisations.
Rank | Local Authority 2018/19 financial year |
Percentage of household waste sent for reuse, recycling or composting (Ex NI192) |
Collected household waste per person (kg) (Ex BVPI 84a) |
|
1 | East Riding of Yorkshire Council | U | 64.80% | 495.6 |
2 | South Oxfordshire District Council | C | 63.30% | 355 |
3 | Three Rivers District Council | C | 63.0% | 349.4 |
4 | Vale of White Horse District Council | C | 62.5% | 329.6 |
5 | St Albans City and District Council | C | 62.1% | 344.0 |
6 | Surrey Heath Borough Council | C | 61.9% | 335.4 |
7 | Rochford District Council | C | 60.9% | 383.4 |
8 | Stroud District Council | C | 60.2% | 285.6 |
9 | Derbyshire Dales District Council | C | 59.6% | 377.7 |
10 | South Northamptonshire District Council | C | 59.6% | 421.5 |
11 | Dorset Waste Partnership | U | 59.6% | 457.9 |
12 | Stratford-on-Avon District Council | C | 59.6% | 438.2 |
13 | Maldon District Council | C | 59.4% | 357.6 |
14 | Milton Keynes Council | U | 59.1% | 433.9 |
15 | East Devon District Council | C | 59.1% | 298.7 |
16 | Cheshire West and Chester | U | 59.0% | 475.3 |
17 | Cotswold District Council | C | 58.9% | 443.8 |
18 | Bath and North East Somerset Council | U | 58.7% | 372.8 |
19 | North Somerset Council | U | 58.7% | 461.1 |
20 | Colchester Borough Council | C | 58.6% | 284.7 |
21 | Stockport MBC | C | 58.3% | 335.4 |
22 | Oxfordshire County Council | D | 58.2% | 407.7 |
23 | Tandridge District Council | C | 58.1% | 368.5 |
24 | West Oxfordshire District Council | C | 57.8% | 378.5 |
25 | South Gloucestershire Council | U | 57.8% | 400.5 |
26 | Guildford Borough Council | C | 57.7% | 332.9 |
27 | Trafford MBC | C | 57.3% | 321.1 |
28 | Woking Borough Council | C | 57.2% | 351.7 |
29 | North Hertfordshire District Council | C | 56.8% | 347.1 |
30 | Epping Forest Borough Council | C | 56.3% | 397.1 |
31 | Teignbridge District Council | C | 56.3% | 357.3 |
32 | Buckinghamshire County Council | D | 56.1% | 447.2 |
33 | Rutland County Council | U | 56.0% | 495.0 |
34 | Devon County Council | D | 56.0% | 441.3 |
35 | Staffordshire Moorlands District Council | C | 56.0% | 396.0 |
36 | Isle of Wight Council | U | 55.7% | 413.2 |
37 | North Lincolnshire Council | U | 55.6% | 487.9 |
38 | Shropshire | U | 55.5% | 491.6 |
39 | East Cambridgeshire District Council | C | 55.4% | 350.4 |
40 | Cambridgeshire County Council | D | 55.3% | 447.5 |
41 | Surrey County Council | D | 55.3% | 423.3 |
42 | Epsom and Ewell Borough Council | C | 54.9% | 364.4 |
43 | Huntingdonshire District Council | C | 54.6% | 373.6 |
44 | Waverley Borough Council | C | 54.6% | 354.6 |
45 | Cherwell District Council | C | 54.2% | 405.7 |
46 | Bexley LB | U | 54.1% | 402.0 |
47 | South Hams District Council | C | 53.9% | 384.0 |
48 | Reigate and Banstead Borough Council | C | 53.8% | 349.8 |
49 | Forest of Dean District Council | C | 53.8% | 372.0 |
50 | Warwick District Council | C | 53.7% | 357.3 |
51 | Horsham District Council | C | 53.5% | 353.2 |
52 | Mid Devon District Council | C | 53.5% | 343.1 |
53 | Ashford Borough Council | C | 53.4% | 322.8 |
54 | Mole Valley District Council | C | 52.9% | 378.9 |
55 | Ealing LB | C | 52.6% | 237.8 |
56 | Tewkesbury Borough Council | C | 52.6% | 363.9 |
57 | Somerset Waste Partnership | U | 52.4% | 449.2 |
58 | Dacorum Borough Council | C | 52.3% | 352.9 |
59 | Gloucestershire County Council | D | 52.1% | 446.4 |
60 | Essex County Council | D | 52.0% | 459.7 |
61 | Bury MBC | C | 52.0% | 321.0 |
62 | Oxford City Council | C | 51.9% | 276.9 |
63 | West Sussex County Council | D | 51.9% | 450.6 |
64 | Cheshire East | U | 51.8% | 463.1 |
65 | Bournemouth Borough Council | U | 51.8% | 392.5 |
66 | Hertfordshire County Council | D | 51.7% | 406.0 |
67 | Poole Borough Council | U | 51.7% | 437.6 |
68 | Wigan MBC | U | 51.5% | 401.7 |
69 | Maidstone Borough Council | C | 51.4% | 343.6 |
70 | South Bucks District Council | C | 51.4% | 325.6 |
71 | Wycombe District Council | C | 51.4% | 362.7 |
72 | Warwickshire County Council | D | 51.4% | 443.4 |
73 | Torridge District Council | C | 51.3% | 361.4 |
74 | West Devon Borough Council | C | 51.3% | 307.8 |
75 | Aylesbury Vale District Council | C | 51.1% | 305.5 |
76 | Elmbridge Borough Council | C | 51.0% | 386.5 |
77 | Tameside MBC | C | 50.9% | 296.2 |
78 | Wealden District Council | C | 50.8% | 374.1 |
79 | Daventry District Council | C | 50.7% | 363.1 |
80 | Cheltenham Borough Council | C | 50.7% | 417.8 |
81 | Suffolk Coastal District Council | C | 50.1% | 370.2 |
82 | Bromley LB | U | 50.1% | 362.1 |
83 | South Staffordshire Council | C | 50.1% | 389.3 |
84 | Stafford Borough Council | C | 49.9% | 395.0 |
85 | Cambridge City and South Cambs Councils | C | 49.8% | 365.8 |
86 | Calderdale MBC | U | 49.6% | 388.5 |
87 | West Berkshire District Council | U | 49.5% | 470.3 |
88 | East Hertfordshire District Council | C | 49.4% | 369.6 |
89 | Royal Borough of Kingston upon Thames | U | 49.4% | 343.6 |
90 | Sutton LB | U | 49.1% | 353.0 |
91 | Castle Point Borough Council | C | 49.0% | 358.5 |
92 | Rushcliffe Borough Council | C | 48.8% | 376.7 |
93 | High Peak Borough Council | C | 48.7% | 371.8 |
94 | Rochdale MBC | C | 48.6% | 308.6 |
95 | Kettering Borough Council | C | 48.5% | 392.9 |
96 | Hambleton District Council | C | 48.4% | 369.6 |
97 | Chelmsford Borough Council | C | 48.3% | 387.1 |
98 | Southend-on-Sea Borough Council | U | 48.3% | 410.5 |
99 | Broadland District Council | C | 48.2% | 380.3 |
100 | Kingston-upon-Hull City Council | U | 48.1% | 403.6 |
101 | Derbyshire County Council | D | 48.0% | 455.0 |
102 | Bolton MBC | C | 48.0% | 304.0 |
103 | Folkestone and Hythe District Council | C | 48.0% | 325.3 |
104 | Greater Manchester WDA (MBC) | D | 47.9% | 400.5 |
105 | Tunbridge Wells Borough Council | C | 47.8% | 362.9 |
106 | Northamptonshire County Council | D | 47.7% | 452.9 |
107 | Braintree District Council | C | 47.6% | 394.4 |
108 | Staffordshire County Council | D | 47.5% | 454.8 |
109 | Rother District Council | C | 47.4% | 372.8 |
110 | Bristol City Council | U | 47.4% | 357.5 |
111 | Croydon LB | U | 47.3% | 331.6 |
112 | North East Derbyshire District Council | C | 47.2% | 396.2 |
113 | Basildon District Council | C | 47.2% | 415.9 |
114 | Kent County Council | D | 47.2% | 430.6 |
115 | Suffolk County Council | D | 47.1% | 452.9 |
116 | Uttlesford District Council | C | 47.1% | 368.1 |
117 | Newcastle-under-Lyme Borough Council | C | 47.1% | 365.0 |
118 | Dover District Council | C | 47.0% | 300.3 |
119 | Cumbria County Council | D | 46.7% | 477.7 |
120 | Salford City Council MBC | C | 46.6% | 311.9 |
121 | Chichester District Council | C | 46.5% | 352.1 |
122 | Barnsley MBC | U | 46.5% | 405.6 |
123 | Doncaster MBC | U | 46.4% | 433.1 |
124 | Canterbury City Council | C | 46.3% | 330.7 |
125 | Ryedale District Council | C | 46.1% | 391.0 |
126 | East Northamptonshire Council | C | 45.9% | 313.3 |
127 | Harborough District Council | C | 45.7% | 366.8 |
128 | North Devon District Council | C | 45.6% | 378.1 |
129 | North Warwickshire Borough Council | C | 45.6% | 410.4 |
130 | Welwyn Hatfield Council | C | 45.4% | 313.7 |
131 | Wakefield City MDC | U | 45.4% | 430.6 |
132 | Leicestershire County Council | D | 45.3% | 435.1 |
133 | Watford Borough Council | C | 45.1% | 331.0 |
134 | North West Leicestershire District Council | C | 45.0% | 405.8 |
135 | Lichfield District Council | C | 45.0% | 391.5 |
136 | Charnwood Borough Council | C | 44.9% | 329.0 |
137 | Telford and Wrekin Council | U | 44.8% | 471.0 |
138 | Fylde Borough Council | C | 44.7% | 389.8 |
139 | Lancashire County Council | D | 44.6% | 442.7 |
140 | Rotherham MBC | U | 44.6% | 416.0 |
141 | Brentwood Borough Council | C | 44.5% | 352.9 |
142 | Hertsmere Borough Council | C | 44.3% | 359.1 |
143 | Windsor and Maidenhead Borough Council | U | 44.3% | 431.5 |
144 | Central Bedfordshire | U | 44.2% | 418.4 |
145 | South Lakeland District Council | C | 44.2% | 428.9 |
146 | Warrington Borough Council | U | 44.2% | 409.4 |
147 | Rugby Borough Council | C | 44.2% | 379.3 |
148 | Chesterfield Borough Council | C | 44.1% | 366.0 |
149 | Corby Borough Council | C | 44.0% | 375.3 |
150 | Melton Borough Council | C | 44.0% | 394.5 |
151 | Spelthorne Borough Council | C | 43.9% | 335.3 |
152 | Wiltshire | U | 43.9% | 426.3 |
153 | Cannock Chase Council | C | 43.9% | 379.4 |
154 | South Derbyshire District Council | C | 43.8% | 386.1 |
155 | West Lancashire Borough Council | C | 43.8% | 376.2 |
156 | Wychavon District Council | C | 43.8% | 368.1 |
157 | East Staffordshire Borough Council | C | 43.6% | 387.0 |
158 | North Yorkshire County Council | D | 43.6% | 471.8 |
159 | York City Council | U | 43.6% | 418.5 |
160 | Oadby and Wigston Borough Council | C | 43.4% | 281.2 |
161 | Norfolk County Council | D | 43.4% | 426.0 |
162 | Nuneaton and Bedworth Borough Council | C | 43.4% | 372.9 |
163 | Chorley Borough Council | C | 43.3% | 365.2 |
164 | East Sussex County Council | D | 43.3% | 440.2 |
165 | Worcestershire County Council | D | 43.3% | 459.2 |
166 | Nottinghamshire County Council | D | 43.2% | 455.2 |
167 | Wyre Borough Council | C | 43.2% | 368.4 |
168 | Peterborough City Council | U | 43.1% | 408.0 |
169 | Harlow District Council | C | 43.0% | 306.9 |
170 | Bedford | U | 42.9% | 421.1 |
171 | Medway Borough Council | U | 42.8% | 449.3 |
172 | Gloucester City Council | C | 42.8% | 348.0 |
173 | North Kesteven District Council | C | 42.7% | 403.1 |
174 | South Ribble Borough Council | C | 42.7% | 365.9 |
175 | Swale Borough Council | C | 42.7% | 361.9 |
176 | Richmond upon Thames LB | C | 42.5% | 377.5 |
177 | Mid Suffolk District Council | C | 42.4% | 355.8 |
178 | Eden District Council | C | 42.4% | 398.3 |
179 | Mid Sussex District Council | C | 42.4% | 314.3 |
180 | County Durham | U | 42.3% | 425.0 |
181 | Hinckley and Bosworth Borough Council | C | 42.2% | 378.3 |
182 | Gravesham Borough Council | C | 42.2% | 302.5 |
183 | Kings Lynn and West Norfolk Borough Council | C | 42.1% | 389.3 |
184 | Swindon Borough Council | U | 42.1% | 395.8 |
185 | Bromsgrove District Council | C | 42.1% | 391.8 |
186 | Blaby District Council | C | 42.0% | 347.1 |
187 | Broxbourne Borough Council | C | 42.0% | 363.1 |
188 | Runnymede Borough Council | C | 42.0% | 301.2 |
189 | Erewash Borough Council | C | 41.9% | 382.6 |
190 | Lincolnshire County Council | D | 41.9% | 455.3 |
191 | Tonbridge and Malling Borough Council | C | 41.9% | 389.5 |
192 | Hart District Council | C | 41.8% | 333.7 |
193 | Eastleigh Borough Council | C | 41.7% | 317.0 |
194 | Arun District Council | C | 41.5% | 347.8 |
195 | South Norfolk Council | C | 41.3% | 367.8 |
196 | Carlisle City Council | C | 41.3% | 390.0 |
197 | Hampshire County Council | D | 41.3% | 432.0 |
198 | Herefordshire Council | U | 41.3% | 394.4 |
199 | St Edmundsbury Borough Council | C | 41.2% | 377.4 |
200 | Torbay Council | U | 41.2% | 428.9 |
201 | Selby District Council | C | 41.2% | 404.4 |
202 | West Lindsey District Council | C | 41.0% | 406.8 |
203 | Harrogate Borough Council | C | 40.8% | 329.0 |
204 | Wokingham Council | U | 40.5% | 407.9 |
205 | Malvern Hills District Council | C | 40.5% | 305.9 |
206 | Bolsover District Council | C | 40.3% | 414.2 |
207 | Wellingborough Borough Council | C | 40.2% | 381.7 |
208 | Harrow LB | C | 40.2% | 358.3 |
209 | Manchester City Council MBC | C | 40.1% | 283.2 |
210 | Stevenage Borough Council | C | 40.0% | 351.5 |
211 | Oldham MBC | C | 40.0% | 301.6 |
212 | Darlington Borough Council | U | 39.8% | 404.0 |
213 | Tamworth Borough Council | C | 39.8% | 369.2 |
214 | Walsall MBC | U | 39.8% | 376.6 |
215 | Lewes District Council | C | 39.7% | 278.0 |
216 | Blackpool Borough Council | U | 39.6% | 450.2 |
217 | Bradford City MDC (MBC) | U | 39.5% | 362.2 |
218 | Bracknell Forest Borough Council | U | 39.4% | 389.9 |
219 | Northampton Borough Council | C | 39.3% | 365.2 |
220 | North Norfolk District Council | C | 39.3% | 399.5 |
221 | Leicester City Council | U | 39.2% | 354.0 |
222 | South Kesteven District Council | C | 39.2% | 375.0 |
223 | Richmondshire District Council | C | 39.2% | 337.8 |
224 | Fenland District Council | C | 39.1% | 388.2 |
225 | Waveney District Council | C | 39.1% | 404.8 |
226 | East Lindsey District Council | C | 38.9% | 377.1 |
227 | Halton Borough Council | U | 38.9% | 442.4 |
228 | Derby City Council | U | 38.8% | 405.8 |
229 | Leeds City Council MBC | U | 38.7% | 370.7 |
230 | Merton LB | U | 38.5% | 340.7 |
231 | Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council | U | 38.5% | 415.1 |
232 | Broxtowe Borough Council | C | 38.4% | 360.9 |
233 | Norwich City Council | C | 38.3% | 308.2 |
234 | Cornwall | U | 38.1% | 464.3 |
235 | Wolverhampton MBC | U | 38.1% | 405.7 |
236 | Newcastle-upon-Tyne City Council MBC | U | 37.9% | 361.2 |
237 | Merseyside WDA (MBC) | D | 37.8% | 465.4 |
238 | Solihull MBC | U | 37.8% | 417.5 |
239 | Craven District Council | C | 37.7% | 375.8 |
240 | West London Waste Authority | D | 37.6% | 331.7 |
241 | Worthing Borough Council | C | 37.6% | 353.2 |
242 | Sevenoaks District Council | C | 37.5% | 367.3 |
243 | Breckland Council | C | 37.4% | 365.6 |
244 | Havering LB | C | 37.4% | 395.3 |
245 | Ipswich Borough Council | C | 37.1% | 389.1 |
246 | Hillingdon LB | C | 36.7% | 327.4 |
247 | Copeland Borough Council | C | 36.7% | 371.5 |
248 | Brent LB | C | 36.6% | 284.9 |
249 | Worcester City Council | C | 36.6% | 313.3 |
250 | Thanet District Council | C | 36.3% | 325.5 |
251 | Stoke-on-Trent City Council | U | 36.3% | 404.9 |
252 | Winchester City Council | C | 36.1% | 301.5 |
253 | Scarborough Borough Council | C | 36.1% | 402.8 |
254 | Lancaster City Council | C | 36.0% | 317.2 |
255 | Test Valley Borough Council | C | 36.0% | 334.7 |
256 | Northumberland | U | 35.9% | 470.9 |
257 | Adur District Council | C | 35.9% | 331.2 |
258 | Sandwell MBC | U | 35.8% | 393.3 |
259 | Ashfield District Council | C | 35.7% | 361.3 |
260 | St Helens MBC | C | 35.4% | 357.8 |
261 | Plymouth City Council | U | 35.3% | 400.9 |
262 | Dudley MBC | U | 35.3% | 382.7 |
263 | Southwark LB | U | 35.2% | 345.8 |
264 | Eastbourne Borough Council | C | 35.2% | 335.4 |
265 | Thurrock Council | U | 35.0% | 440.8 |
266 | Sefton MBC | C | 35.0% | 394.2 |
267 | North East Lincolnshire Council | U | 35.0% | 436.0 |
268 | Luton Borough Council | U | 34.8% | 361.2 |
269 | Forest Heath District Council | C | 34.6% | 376.6 |
270 | Barnet LB | C | 34.6% | 356.2 |
271 | North Tyneside Council | U | 34.4% | 416.1 |
272 | East Hampshire District Council | C | 34.3% | 302.9 |
273 | Gedling Borough Council | C | 34.2% | 360.6 |
274 | Coventry City Council | U | 34.1% | 345.5 |
275 | Hyndburn Borough Council | C | 33.8% | 269.6 |
276 | Fareham Borough Council | C | 33.7% | 302.6 |
277 | Boston Borough Council | C | 33.5% | 395.7 |
278 | Lincoln City Council | C | 33.5% | 356.5 |
279 | Middlesbrough Borough Council | U | 33.5% | 440.0 |
280 | Enfield LB | C | 33.4% | 354.3 |
281 | Greenwich LB | U | 33.4% | 373.5 |
282 | Allerdale Borough Council | C | 33.4% | 422.3 |
283 | Amber Valley Borough Council | C | 32.9% | 361.8 |
284 | Mansfield District Council | C | 32.9% | 394.0 |
285 | Newark and Sherwood District Council | C | 32.9% | 371.7 |
286 | New Forest District Council | C | 32.9% | 318.6 |
287 | Wyre Forest District Council | C | 32.6% | 353.2 |
288 | Hartlepool Borough Council | U | 32.5% | 426.5 |
289 | Burnley Borough Council | C | 32.5% | 323.5 |
290 | Wirral MBC | C | 32.5% | 365.7 |
291 | Reading Borough Council | U | 31.9% | 352.2 |
292 | Ribble Valley Borough Council | C | 31.7% | 380.8 |
293 | Waltham Forest LB | C | 31.6% | 348.4 |
294 | Gateshead MBC | U | 31.6% | 428.6 |
295 | Preston City Council | C | 31.5% | 358.5 |
296 | Rossendale Borough Council | C | 31.5% | 332.9 |
297 | Hounslow LB | C | 31.4% | 317.3 |
298 | Pendle Borough Council | C | 31.3% | 353.2 |
299 | Camden LB | C | 31.1% | 214.8 |
300 | Sheffield City Council | U | 31.0% | 317.7 |
301 | South Tyneside MBC | U | 30.7% | 436.6 |
302 | Havant Borough Council | C | 30.7% | 316.7 |
303 | Crawley Borough Council | C | 30.4% | 293.7 |
304 | Redditch Borough Council | C | 30.3% | 317.8 |
305 | Knowsley MBC | C | 30.2% | 364.5 |
306 | Lambeth LB | C | 30.1% | 248.3 |
307 | City of London | U | 29.9% | 438.6 |
308 | North London Waste Authority | D | 29.6% | 326.8 |
309 | Hastings Borough Council | C | 29.5% | 333.4 |
310 | Haringey LB | C | 29.3% | 299.6 |
311 | Southampton City Council | U | 29.3% | 346.8 |
312 | Brighton and Hove Council | U | 29.2% | 350.9 |
313 | Great Yarmouth Borough Council | C | 29.0% | 383.2 |
314 | Islington LB | C | 29.0% | 230.3 |
315 | Rushmoor Borough Council | C | 29.0% | 327.6 |
316 | Blackburn with Darwen Borough Council | U | 28.5% | 370.2 |
317 | Basingstoke and Deane Borough Council | C | 28.3% | 330.6 |
318 | Lewisham LB | U | 28.0% | 317.5 |
319 | Hackney LB | C | 27.9% | 297.8 |
320 | Tendring District Council | C | 27.3% | 336.0 |
321 | Council of the Isles of Scilly | U | 27.3% | 649.1 |
322 | Sunderland City Council | U | 27.1% | 406.6 |
323 | Exeter City Council | C | 27.1% | 273.9 |
324 | Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea | C | 27.0% | 338.0 |
325 | Nottingham City Council | U | 26.5% | 342.8 |
326 | Stockton-on-Tees Borough Council | U | 26.4% | 418.2 |
327 | South Holland District Council | C | 25.9% | 331.3 |
328 | Dartford Borough Council | C | 25.9% | 338.0 |
329 | Bassetlaw District Council | C | 25.5% | 369.3 |
330 | Portsmouth City Council | U | 25.5% | 337.3 |
331 | Redbridge LB | C | 24.9% | 348.0 |
332 | Western Riverside Waste Authority | D | 24.9% | 290.4 |
333 | East London Waste Authority | D | 24.8% | 365.0 |
334 | Kirklees MBC | U | 24.3% | 360.2 |
335 | Hammersmith and Fulham LB | C | 23.8% | 253.7 |
336 | Gosport Borough Council | C | 23.8% | 280.0 |
337 | Barking and Dagenham LB | C | 23.7% | 404.8 |
338 | Liverpool City Council | C | 23.6% | 343.6 |
339 | Slough Borough Council | U | 23.3% | 355.7 |
340 | Tower Hamlets LB | U | 23.2% | 230.8 |
341 | Wandsworth LB | C | 23.2% | 290.3 |
342 | Birmingham City Council | U | 22.0% | 360.8 |
343 | Westminster City Council | U | 21.7% | 354.4 |
344 | Barrow-in-Furness Borough Council | C | 19.4% | 363.3 |
345 | Newham LB | C | 16.9% | 341.1 |